（雅思課外精讀）英國(guó)警方疫情期間的“湄公河行動(dòng)”

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Policing and the pandemic疫情期間的警務(wù)How Britains cops spent lockdown英國(guó)警察如何挺過疫情A decline in crime gives police forces the chance to catch up on their to-do lists犯罪率下降，警察終于能處理日積月累的案件了

1. WHEN THE nation shut down in March, something both remarkable and utterly obvious happened to everyday crime: it plummeted. Graham Farrell, a criminologist at the University of Leeds who looked at data from the Lancashire Constabulary, found that within a week of lockdown recorded crime in Lancashire declined by 41%. Shoplifting was especially hard hit, falling by 62%. It is a difficult crime to commit when most shops are closed.

今年3月，英國(guó)實(shí)行封鎖，意料之中但同樣引人注目的事發(fā)生了：犯罪率下降了。利茲大學(xué)的犯罪學(xué)家格雷厄姆法雷爾(Graham Farrell)研究了蘭開夏警察署的數(shù)據(jù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一周內(nèi)，蘭開夏報(bào)告的犯罪下降了41%。入店行竊降幅最大，位62%。疫情期間，大多數(shù)商店都關(guān)門了，想要入室行竊不大可能。

2. But not all crime fell. After lockdown started, even as overall crime declined in London just as it did elsewhere, drug offences recorded by the Metropolitan Police shot up (see chart). Drug offences data are a good indicator of disruption in organised crime since that is the mainstay of such groups, says Rick Muir of the Police Foundation, a think tank.

但并不是所有犯罪都在減少。在封鎖開始后，盡管倫敦的總體犯罪率和其他地方一樣下降了，但倫敦警察署記錄的毒品犯罪卻激增(見圖表)。智囊團(tuán)警察基金會(huì)的里克繆爾說，毒品犯罪數(shù)據(jù)是有組織犯罪瓦解的一個(gè)很好的指標(biāo)，因?yàn)檫@是這些組織的支柱。

3. One reason for the rise is that the drugs trade became easier to disrupt. While other businesses shut down, it kept going. Organised criminals are innovative people. They responded well, from their perspective, so actually there werent long term shortages or price rises within the UK, says Steve Rodhouse, a director general at the National Crime Agency (NCA). But the business demands face-to-face contact, and drug dealers who were out on the streets when everybody else was inside were abnormally conspicuous.

毒品犯罪記錄增加的原因之一是毒品交易更容易被破壞。當(dāng)其他的企業(yè)都在停工的時(shí)候，毒品行業(yè)還在繼續(xù)。國(guó)家犯罪局（NCA）局長(zhǎng)史蒂夫羅德豪斯說，有組織的犯罪團(tuán)伙都是很有創(chuàng)新精神的人。從他們自己的角度來看，他們反應(yīng)很好，因此，在英國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)毒品并沒有出現(xiàn)短缺或者價(jià)格上漲的現(xiàn)象。但是，毒品生意需要面對(duì)面交易，而當(dāng)所有人都封鎖在家的時(shí)候，毒品販子卻在街上游蕩，這很容易引起人們的注意。

4. At the same time, while demands on the police declined, the supply of officers rose as leave was cancelled and new recruits promised by Boris Johnson last year arrived. Police forces used the time to tackle their to-do lists. Among the things they did was progressing complex investigations, for example county lines, a national network of drug-runners, says Julia Mulligan, North Yorkshires police and crime commissioner. North Yorkshire police worked with their counterparts in areas that supply drugs, including Merseyside, West Yorkshire and Greater Manchester. And as Peter Neyroud, a criminologist at Cambridge University and a former chief constable puts it, Its a great time to serve warrants, because everyone has to be at home.

與此同時(shí)，緊管對(duì)警察的需求有所下降，但是由于休假取消加上去年鮑里斯承諾招募的新成員到崗，警察的供應(yīng)有所增加。警察利用這段時(shí)間來處理他們的待辦事項(xiàng)清單。北約克郡的警察和犯罪事務(wù)專員茱莉亞穆里根說，他們所做的事情包括推進(jìn)復(fù)雜的調(diào)查，例如調(diào)查一個(gè)全國(guó)性的毒品走私者網(wǎng)絡(luò)縣界。。北約克郡警方與毒品產(chǎn)地，包括默西塞德郡、西約克郡和大曼徹斯特的警方合作。正如劍橋大學(xué)的犯罪學(xué)家、前警察局長(zhǎng)彼得內(nèi)勞德(Peter Neyroud)所說，現(xiàn)在是執(zhí)行逮捕令的大好時(shí)機(jī)，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都必須呆在家里。

5. In London, the Metropolitan Police drew up a list of roughly 1,000 prolific offenders engaged in drug-related and violent crimes. Officers visited 733 to encourage them to diversify away from crime, says Commander Bas Javid of the Met. In the event, they spoke to 304, of whom 43 have expressed an interest in taking part in the scheme.

警察局的Bas Javid指揮官說，在倫敦，倫敦警察廳列出了一份約1000名幾進(jìn)宮罪犯名單，這些人都參與了與毒品有關(guān)的暴力犯罪。警察造訪了733人，告誡他們遠(yuǎn)離犯罪。在活動(dòng)中，他們采訪了304人，其中43人表示有興趣參與這一計(jì)劃。

6. Another tactic used by the Met was to identify what it calls micro beats of 250 locations in London with high levels of violent crime and drug activity. In one special operation in a week in May the Met arrested 222 people. Long-running investigations also came to a head. On July 2nd the NCA announced that it had arrested 746 people and seized 54m in cash, two tonnes of drugs and 77 firearms as the result of investigations done over four years with various forces and other agencies.

倫敦警察局使用的另一種策略是找出倫敦250個(gè)暴力犯罪和毒品活動(dòng)高發(fā)地區(qū)的微節(jié)拍。在五月的一次特別行動(dòng)中，倫敦警方逮捕了222人。長(zhǎng)期的調(diào)查也達(dá)到了高潮。7月2日，NCA宣布，經(jīng)過4年多不同部隊(duì)和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查，他們已經(jīng)逮捕了746人，繳獲了5400萬英鎊現(xiàn)金，兩噸毒品和77支槍支。

7. As restrictions are loosened, the trends are reversing. Recorded offences rose in the past few weeks and drugs offences have fallen. That suggests that police once again have their hands full with everyday crime. But it may also mean that their efforts at disrupting the networks responsible for these crimes have had an effect.

隨著社交限制放寬，這種趨勢(shì)正在逆轉(zhuǎn)。過去幾周，記錄在案的犯罪案件有所上升，而毒品犯罪案件有所下降。這表明警察又一次忙于處理日常犯罪。但這也可能意味著，他們?cè)谄茐姆缸锞W(wǎng)絡(luò)方面所做的努力已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了效果。

精讀解析

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)P1P2：疫情期間，英國(guó)其他犯罪活動(dòng)有所下降，而毒品犯罪上升。P3P4：毒品犯罪增加的原因：毒品交易更容易被破壞；警察人數(shù)增多，調(diào)查力度加大。P5P6：倫敦的毒品調(diào)查。P7：如今局勢(shì)有所逆轉(zhuǎn)，但總的來說疫情期間的毒品打擊已取得一些效果。

重點(diǎn)單詞plummet /pl?m?t/ n. 鉛錘，墜子vi. 垂直落下【例句】A plane plummeted to earth.一架飛機(jī)一頭栽向地面。

criminologist /?krimin?l?d?ist/ n. 犯罪學(xué)者,刑事學(xué)家【例句】Stripping was a multi-million dollar business, says Helgi Gunlaugsson, a criminologist at the University of Iceland.冰島大學(xué)的犯罪學(xué)家赫格尼貢雷格松說，脫衣舞行業(yè)是一項(xiàng)數(shù)百萬美元的業(yè)務(wù)。

Shoplifting /???p?l?ft??/ n. 商店行竊【例句】Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge.五個(gè)月前她被宣判未犯入店行竊罪。

overall /??v?r??l/ adj. 總體的; 全面的; 綜合的；全面考慮的adv. 大體上, 總的來說；一切包括在內(nèi), 全部的n. 長(zhǎng)罩衣；工裝褲; 工作褲【例句】This is conditional on the overall plan.這決定于總的計(jì)劃。He changed his overalls for a suit.他脫下工裝褲, 換上了一套西服。

shot up射出；發(fā)芽；暴漲；迅速成長(zhǎng)【例句】Its share price shot up by 5%.而其股價(jià)卻上漲5%。

disruption /d?sr?p??n/ n. 中斷,分裂,瓦解,破壞【例句】The state was in disruption.國(guó)家處于分崩離析之中。

mainstay /me?nste?/ n. 主要支持者〔物〕, 支柱;骨干【短語】mainstay industry 支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)mainstay of the national economy 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱【例句】Agriculture is still the mainstay of the countrys economy.農(nóng)業(yè)仍然是這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要支柱。

innovative /?in?uveitiv/ adj. 新發(fā)明的, 新引進(jìn)的; 革新的; 有改革精神的；樂于引進(jìn)新觀念的【例句】Many consider Berliozs compositions to be innovative but eccentric.許多人認(rèn)為柏遼茲的作品富有創(chuàng)新力，但與習(xí)俗格格不入。

conspicuous /k?nsp?kj??s/ adj. 顯眼的, 明顯的【短語】conspicuous consumption 炫耀性消費(fèi)；擺闊，揮霍conspicuous place 顯眼地方conspicuous position 顯眼位置【例句】Her outlandish attire made her conspicuous in the crowd.她異國(guó)風(fēng)格的服飾使她在人群中很打眼。Its coloring makes it highly conspicuous.它的色彩使它非常惹人注目。

counterpart /ka?nt?pɑ?t/ n. 與對(duì)方地位相當(dāng)?shù)娜? 與另一方作用相當(dāng)?shù)奈铩纠洹縄t has no counterpart in the world.舉世無雙。Her counterpart left in vain and vapidity.對(duì)方索然無味，徙勞而去。

constable /?k?nst?bl/ n. 英警察【例句】police constable 警員，警察The constable kept his temper and would not be provoked.警察壓著火，不肯發(fā)作。

warrant /w?r(?)nt/ n. 授權(quán)證; 許可證vt. 使顯得合理; 成為的根據(jù)；保證, 擔(dān)保【例句】I have a warrant for your arrest.我持有逮捕證逮捕你。

prolific /pr?l?f?k/adj. 多產(chǎn)的；豐富的【例句】Dickens was a prolific writer.狄更斯是位多產(chǎn)作家。draw up 草擬，起草；停??；使靠近【短語】draw up a contract 擬定合同draw up a plan 起草計(jì)劃；制定計(jì)劃draw oneself up v. 挺直身體；控制自己【例句】The agenda has not been drawn up.議程尚未擬定。

engage in從事，參加【拓展】engage in politics 從事政治活動(dòng)engage in a lawsuit 打官司；進(jìn)行訴訟engage oneself in 從事于；忙于；正做著【例句】They are engaged in import and export.他們做進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易。

diversify /da?v??s?fa?/vt.vi. 使多樣化; 多樣化；進(jìn)入新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域【同根】diversifier n. 分散經(jīng)營(yíng)者diversification n. 多樣化；變化diversifying （使）多樣化; （使）變化; 增加...的品種; 擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營(yíng)（diversify的現(xiàn)在分詞）;diversified adj. 多樣化的；各種的; v. 使多樣化（diversify的過去分詞）;【短語】product diversification 產(chǎn)品多樣化; 產(chǎn)品多元化;diversified products 多元化產(chǎn)品diversified farming 多種經(jīng)營(yíng)；綜合農(nóng)業(yè)diversified business 多種經(jīng)營(yíng)；多樣化經(jīng)營(yíng)business diversification 多元化經(jīng)營(yíng)；經(jīng)營(yíng)多角化【例句】A factory must try to diversify for further development.一個(gè)工廠要獲得進(jìn)一步發(fā)展就要努力使產(chǎn)品多樣化。

restriction /r?str?k?(?)n/ n. 約束, 限制;管制, 限定;法律, 規(guī)章【例句】The new parking restrictions have angered shopkeepers.新的停車限令激怒了店主們。The removal of petty restrictions has made life easier.對(duì)一些瑣碎規(guī)定的取消使生活更自在了。

loosen /lu?s(?)n/vt.vi. 解開; 放松；松弛【短語】loosen up 放松肌肉；松弛；[口]信口開河；[口]慷慨解囊【例句】He loosened his collar of his overcoat.他解開了大衣領(lǐng)口。The new policies loosened up foreign trade.新政策使對(duì)外貿(mào)易有了更大的靈活性。

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