英語(yǔ)名詞性從句詳解,相信這個(gè)問(wèn)題是許多正在準(zhǔn)備留學(xué)的同學(xué)關(guān)心的一個(gè)問(wèn)題,那么下面小編就來(lái)和大家說(shuō)一說(shuō),感興趣的您趕緊往下了解吧。
名詞性從句分為四種情況:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。之所以稱(chēng)之為名詞性從句,是因?yàn)樗谝粋€(gè)句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子放在句中作這些成分的時(shí)候,這個(gè)句子就被稱(chēng)為相應(yīng)的從句。
1.主語(yǔ)從句
(1)陳述句作主語(yǔ),即“that +陳述句”放在主語(yǔ)的位置構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)從句。
例句1:That many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults is an unfortunate fact and it is this type of exploitation that should bedis couraged.
翻譯:很多雇主更傾向于雇用孩子,通過(guò)付給孩子比成年人更少的錢(qián)來(lái)節(jié)省開(kāi)支。這是一個(gè)不幸的事實(shí),而正是這種剝削,不應(yīng)被鼓勵(lì)。
但是,用一個(gè)句子作主語(yǔ)會(huì)顯得主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng),為避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕,通常會(huì)用it作形式主語(yǔ),把真正的主語(yǔ)置于句尾。
例句2 :It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the services of children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.(《劍3》P164) 翻譯:一個(gè)不幸的事實(shí)是:很多雇主可能寧愿使用孩子們提供的服務(wù),通過(guò)付給他們比成年人更少的錢(qián),從而節(jié)省開(kāi)支。正是這種剝削才不應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)。由此構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有很多,也可以作為固定句型直接用于雅思寫(xiě)作中。如
It is+過(guò)去分詞+that從句。
It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is generally believed that…普遍認(rèn)為……
It should be noted that...需要注意的是……
It is+形容詞+that從句
It is obvious that…很明顯……
It is crystaI-clear that…很明顯……
It is likely that…很可能……
It is possible that…很可能……
It is fortunate that…幸運(yùn)的是……
It is certainly true that..肯定是真的……
It is+名詞短語(yǔ)+that從句
It is common knowledge that…普遍認(rèn)為……
It is common lyshared convention that…普遍認(rèn)為……
It is widelyheld perception that…普遍認(rèn)為..…
It is a universally believed ideathat…普遍認(rèn)為……
Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……
(2)疑問(wèn)句作主語(yǔ),即由whether, who , what , whatever, how等引導(dǎo)的句子充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)。
例句:How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largelyunpredictable in a person' s life.(《劍5》P169) 翻譯:至今,這些因素如何相互作用仍不被人知并且對(duì)于一個(gè)人的一生,它們很大程度上仍不可測(cè)。
解析:這種形式的主語(yǔ)從句在考官的文章中出現(xiàn)頻率很高,各位要重視啊。
2.賓語(yǔ)從句
是相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單的一種從句,也分為兩種情況。
(1)“動(dòng)詞+( that )+陳述句”構(gòu)成,即由陳述句作賓語(yǔ)
例句:Some educationalists think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourages pupils to concentrate on their studies.(《劍8》 P173)。
翻譯:一些教育家認(rèn)為在單性學(xué)校里,我們可以更加有效地教育男生和女生.因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這種環(huán)境減少了干擾并且鼓勵(lì)小學(xué)生們集中精力在學(xué)習(xí)上。
(2)“動(dòng)詞+when,where,why,how,whenever,whatever,however等+陳述句”構(gòu)成,即由疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)。
例句1 : But hopefully times have changed, and both genders of students can have equal chances to study what they want to in whichever type of school they attend.(《劍8》 P173)。
翻譯:但是,讓人充滿希望的是,時(shí)代改變了,無(wú)論去上哪種類(lèi)型的學(xué)校,兩個(gè)性別的學(xué)生都有同等的機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)他們想要學(xué)的東西。
例句2 :Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual' s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment(nurture).(《劍5》 P169) 翻譯:但是,我們?nèi)匀徊荒軟Q定的是一個(gè)人的性格及發(fā)展受基因(天生)影響更多還是受環(huán)境(教養(yǎng))影響更多。
3.表語(yǔ)從句
(1)連接詞由“that,what,who,when,which,why,whether,how,whatever”構(gòu)成。
例句1.However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument from those who become good players.(《劍7》P163)。
翻譯:但是,一些人相信天生的才能可以把一個(gè)受過(guò)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)或樂(lè)器訓(xùn)練的人與那些成為出色運(yùn)動(dòng)員或者演奏者區(qū)分開(kāi)。
例句2.The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past.(《劍5》P173) 翻譯:為什么我們有這么多包裝的原因是我們每天比過(guò)去的家庭消耗更多了。
(2)連接詞主要由“because”構(gòu)成。
例句:This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can bedamaging to boththeir eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of whatthey are using the computer for.(《劍6》 P172)
翻譯:其部分原因是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐在屏幕前面會(huì)對(duì)孩子們的眼睛和坐姿有危害,不管他們正用電腦干什么。
4.同位語(yǔ)從句
(1)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有:that和whether.
例句1:The fact that many people are still living in poverty can not bedenied.
翻譯:很多人仍然生活貧困這一事實(shí)是無(wú)法否認(rèn)的。
例句2 : We are faced with the problem whether governments alone can dealwith the problem of environmental pollution.
翻譯:我們面臨這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題:是否政府單獨(dú)可以解決環(huán)境污染的問(wèn)題。
(2)可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞是抽象名詞,主要有idea , fact , doubt ,suggestion,possibility,problem等。
So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence tosupport the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching andguided practice.(《劍7》P163) 翻譯:所以從我們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來(lái)看,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)足夠的證據(jù)支持這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn):一個(gè)孩子可以通過(guò)繼續(xù)教育和有指導(dǎo)的練習(xí)學(xué)得這些技能。
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