North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Female Professor:Well,it's finally looking like spring is arriving—the last of the winter snow will be melting away in a few days.So before we close today,I thought I'd mention,uh,a biological event that's part of the transition from winter to spring…something you can go outside and watch,if you have some patience.There's a small creature that lives in this area—you've probably seen it:it's the North American wood frog…Now the wood frog’s not that easy to spot,since it stays pretty close to the ground,under leaves and things,and it blends in really well with its background,as you can see.But they’re worth the effort,because they do something very unusual—something you might not have even thought possible…OK,North American wood frogs live over a very broad territory,or range—they're found all over the northeastern United States,and all through Canada and Alaska—even inside the Arctic Circle.No other frog is able to live that far north.But wherever they live,once the weather starts to turn cold,and the temperatures start to drop below freezing—as soon as the frog even touches an ice crystal or a bit of frozen ground…well,it begins to freeze.Yes,Jimmy?You look a bit taken aback…Male Student:Wait…you mean,it's still alive,but it freezes?Solid?

Female Professor:Well,almost.Ice forms in all the spaces outside cells,but never within a cell.Male Student:But…then,how does its heart beat?

Female Professor:It doesn't.Male Student:But—how can it do…Female Professor:How can it do such a thing?Well,that first touch of ice apparently triggers a biological response inside the frog,that first of all starts drawing water away from the center of its body.So the middle part of the frog,its internal organs—its heart,lungs,liver—these start getting drier and drier,while the water that's being pulled away is forming a puddle around the organs,just underneath the skin.

And then that puddle of water starts to freeze.OK,up to now the frog's heart is still beating,right?Slower and slower,but….And in those last few hours before it freezes,it distributes glucose—a blood sugar—throughout its body,its circulatory system.Sort of acts like an antifreeze…

Male Student:A solution of antifreeze,like you put in your car in the winter?

Female Professor:Well,you tell me.In frogs,the extra glucose makes it harder for the water inside the cells to freeze,so the cells stay just slightly wet—enough so that they can survive the winter.Then after that,the heart stops beating altogether.So,is that the same?

Male Student:I don’t really know,but uh…h(huán)ow long does it stay that way?

Female Professor:Well,it could be days or even months—all winter,in fact.But,um,see,the heart really doesn't need to do any pumping now,because the blood is frozen too.Male Student:I just…I guess I just don't see how it isn't—y'know,clinically dead.Female Professor:Well,that's the amazing thing.And how it revives is pretty amazing too.After months without a heartbeat,springtime comes around again,the Earth starts to warm up,and suddenly one day—ping!A pulse—followed by another one,then another,until—maybe ten,twelve hours later,the animal is fully recovered.Male Student:And—does the,uh,thawing process have some kind of trigger as well?Female Professor:Well,we're not sure,actually.The peculiar thing is,even though the sun is warming the frog up on the outside,its insides thaw out first—the heart and brain and everything.But somehow,it all just happens that way every spring.

Male Student:And after they thaw?Does it affect them?Like their life span?Female Professor:Well,hmm…we really don't know a lot about how long a wood frog normally lives—probably just a few years.But there's no evidence that the freezing process affects its longevity.It does have some other impacts,though.In studies we've found that,when it comes to reproduction,freezing diminishes the mating performance of males:

after they’ve been frozen,and thawed of course,they don't seem quite as vocal,they move slower—and they seem to have a harder time recognizing a potential mate.So if a male frog could manage not to go through this freezing cycle,he'd probably have more success at mating.

二、North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

旁白：在生物課上聽(tīng)一節(jié)課的一部分。女教授：看來(lái)春天終于來(lái)了，冬天的最后一場(chǎng)雪幾天后就會(huì)融化了。所以在我們今天結(jié)束之前，我想我應(yīng)該提到，呃，一個(gè)生物學(xué)事件，它是從冬天到春天過(guò)渡的一部分……如果你有耐心的話，你可以到外面看。有一種小生物生活在這個(gè)地區(qū)，你可能見(jiàn)過(guò)它：它是北美林蛙……現(xiàn)在林蛙不那么容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗x地面很近，在樹(shù)葉和其他東西下面，而且它與背景很好地融合在一起，正如你所見(jiàn)。但是他們值得付出努力，因?yàn)樗麄冏隽艘恍┓浅２粚こ５氖虑?，你可能甚至沒(méi)有想到這是可能的……好吧，北美樹(shù)蛙生活在一個(gè)非常廣闊的領(lǐng)土上，或者說(shuō)分布范圍很廣，它們遍布美國(guó)東北部，遍布加拿大和阿拉斯加，甚至在北極圈內(nèi)。沒(méi)有其他青蛙能生活在那么遙遠(yuǎn)的北方。但無(wú)論它們住在哪里，一旦天氣開(kāi)始變冷，當(dāng)青蛙接觸到冰晶或一小塊凍土?xí)r，溫度就開(kāi)始降到零度以下……嗯，它開(kāi)始結(jié)冰了。什么事，吉米？你看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)吃驚……男學(xué)生：等等……你是說(shuō)，它還活著，但它凍結(jié)了？固體

女教授：嗯，差不多了。冰在細(xì)胞外的所有空間都會(huì)形成，但絕不會(huì)在細(xì)胞內(nèi)形成。男學(xué)生：但是……那么，它的心跳是怎樣的？

女教授：不是。男學(xué)生：但它怎么能做……女教授：它怎么能做這樣的事？嗯，第一次接觸到冰顯然會(huì)觸發(fā)青蛙體內(nèi)的生物反應(yīng)，首先會(huì)將水從身體中心抽走。所以青蛙的中部，內(nèi)臟，心臟，肺，肝臟開(kāi)始變得越來(lái)越干燥，而被抽走的水在器官周?chē)つw下面形成了一個(gè)水坑。

然后那灘水開(kāi)始結(jié)冰。好吧，到目前為止，青蛙的心臟還在跳動(dòng)，對(duì)嗎？越來(lái)越慢，但是…。在凍結(jié)前的最后幾個(gè)小時(shí)，它將葡萄糖（一種血糖）分配到全身和循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。有點(diǎn)像防凍劑…

男生：防凍液的解決方案，比如你在冬天把它放在車(chē)?yán)铮?/p>

女教授：好吧，你告訴我。在青蛙身上，額外的葡萄糖使細(xì)胞內(nèi)的水更難凍結(jié)，因此細(xì)胞保持略微濕潤(rùn)，這樣就可以在冬天存活下來(lái)。然后，心臟停止跳動(dòng)。那么，這是一樣的嗎？

男學(xué)生：我真的不知道，但是，呃……這種情況會(huì)持續(xù)多久？

女教授：事實(shí)上，整個(gè)冬天可能是幾天甚至幾個(gè)月。但是，嗯，看，心臟現(xiàn)在真的不需要做任何泵送，因?yàn)檠阂矁鼋Y(jié)了。男學(xué)生：我只是……我想我只是不明白為什么它不是——你知道，臨床死亡。女教授：好吧，這真是太神奇了。它是如何復(fù)蘇的，也非常令人驚訝。幾個(gè)月沒(méi)有心跳，春天又來(lái)了，地球開(kāi)始變暖，突然有一天，砰砰！一個(gè)脈沖接著是另一個(gè)脈沖，然后是另一個(gè)脈沖，直到大約十、十二個(gè)小時(shí)后，動(dòng)物完全康復(fù)。男學(xué)生：嗯，解凍過(guò)程也有某種觸發(fā)因素嗎？女教授：嗯，實(shí)際上我們不確定。奇怪的是，盡管太陽(yáng)正在使青蛙的外部變暖，但它的內(nèi)部首先融化了心臟、大腦和一切。但不知何故，每年春天都是這樣。

男學(xué)生：解凍后呢？這會(huì)影響他們嗎？比如他們的壽命？女教授：嗯……我們真的不太清楚一只林蛙通常能活多久，可能只有幾年。但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明冷凍過(guò)程會(huì)影響其壽命。不過(guò)，它確實(shí)有其他一些影響。在研究中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在生殖方面，冷凍會(huì)降低雄性的交配性能：

當(dāng)然，在它們被冷凍、解凍后，它們的聲音似乎就不那么響亮了，它們的動(dòng)作也變慢了，而且它們似乎很難識(shí)別出一個(gè)潛在的伴侶。因此，如果雄蛙能設(shè)法不經(jīng)歷這種冰凍循環(huán)，那么它的交配可能會(huì)更成功。

三、North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the biological advantages of a physical change that occurs in North American wood frogs

B.To explain why the North American wood frog's habitat range has expanded

C.To describe the functioning of the circulatory system of the North American wood frog

D.To introduce students to an unusual phenomenon affecting North American wood frogs

Q2:2.Why does the professor first mention the arrival of spring?

A.To encourage students to look for thawing wood frogs

B.To point out the time period when frogs begin mating

C.To explain why the class will soon be doing experiments with wood frogs

D.To emphasize the speed of the thawing process

Q3:3.What happens to a wood frog as it begins to freeze?

A.Blood is concentrated in the center of its body.

B.Blood stops producing sugar.

C.Water moves out of its internal organs.

D.Water from just beneath the skin begins to evaporate.

Q4:4.What are two points the professor makes about the thawing process of the wood frog?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The thawing process is not fully understood.

B.The thawing process takes longer than the freezing process.

C.The frog's internal organs thaw before its outer skin thaws.

D.Thawing occurs when the frog's heart begins pumping glucose through its body.

Q5:5.What impact does freezing have on some thawed wood frogs?

A.It increases their reproductive success.

B.It decreases their life span.

C.It causes them to be more vocal and active.

D.It reduces their ability to recognize potential mates.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply when she says this:

A.She wants the student to clarify his question.

B.She wants the student to draw his own conclusions.

C.She thinks the student does not understand how car antifreeze works.

D.She thinks the student has misunderstood her point.

四、North American Wood Frog托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：AC

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：B

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